Table of Contents:

For most students doing graduate work at Wake Forest University, a thesis or dissertation will be the culmination and defining point of their efforts, an important milestone in their scholarly development. The path of their research will take them to new knowledge, new insights, new abstractions for themselves, and as they push toward and beyond the current boundaries of what is known, they will be expected to share their new knowledge with others. This sharing is the primary purpose of a thesis or dissertation. It provides an opportunity for students to be challenged intellectually in an oral defense of their work, to have their ideas tested in a scholarly setting, and to enter the world of advanced scholarly attainment. For well over a century, ways of presenting original work have evolved into a strong tradition, and an important part of a student's work is to learn and to become part of that tradition.

These Instructions for the Preparation of Theses and Dissertations are intended as a guide to that tradition. This document explains the physical format for the finished product, provides samples both of various kinds of information included in the final product and of the layout of different pages, indicates dates when various stages of the thesis or dissertation are due and to whom they should be delivered, and provides information to help students prepare for the final stages of their thesis or dissertation and for graduation.

The instructions give an overview of preparing a thesis or dissertation, but they cannot cover all possible formats and information. Each discipline has its own guidelines, or even several alternative sets of guidelines, for such things as citation of references, footnote forms and location, and bibliography. It is therefore important that students confer with either their Program Director or advisor early in their research in order to agree on what guidelines will be followed. Once a form is decided upon, students should consistently maintain it throughout their work.

Different disciplines also have different ways of presenting material, through such things as tables, graphs, illustrations, pictures, spread sheets, etc. Again, students should confer with their Program Director or advisor to agree on what will be included and how it will be presented. Since no handbook can cover every possibility, especially with the increasing information available on the internet, students should follow standards of common sense and reasonableness in presenting information which is understandable, informative, and clearly documented.

Many students find that examining already completed and accepted theses or dissertations in their field can be extremely helpful in answering questions about format. These are available in the library or in the office of a student's department or program.

We in the Graduate School hope that students will look forward to researching, writing, and defending their thesis or dissertation, rather than regard it as something onerous to be gotten through. From beginning to end it should provide an intellectual adventure, an exploration of new realms, and an exhilarating journey of discovery. Students may--indeed, will--find that insuring proper margins, counting lines on a page, checking footnote forms, and all the other requirements for an acceptable thesis or dissertation can be time-consuming and tedious. Students should keep in mind, however, that in the scholarly world, form and content cannot be separated, and that care and discipline in one complement care and discipline in the other.

Here are the latest instructions for preparation of theses and dissertations. These instructions supersede all other copies. To avoid repetition, the word "thesis" is often used in the text to include the doctoral dissertation as well as the master's thesis. Likewise, the word "examination" refers to the final examination for the master's candidate or the defense for a doctoral candidate. Section II covers the recognized parts of the thesis. The order of the listing should be observed, regardless of parts which may be omitted or combined in a particular thesis. For additional information, refer to "Requirements for Degrees" in the Bulletin of Wake Forest University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

The procedures below describe the activities that take place when the thesis is ready.

Pre-Examination Procedures

1. One copy of the final thesis, approved by the faculty advisor and second reader if appropriate, must be submitted to the Dean of the Graduate School (through the Graduate Office of the appropriate campus) four weeks prior to the date of the final examination or defense.

   When the thesis is ready for submission, Reynolda Campus graduate students may call or e-mail Debbie Deheck (758-5301, deheckds@wfu.edu) and Bowman Gray students may call or e-mail Susan Pierce (716-4303, spierce@wfubmc.edu) for an appointment to review the thesis format and to discuss other matters pertinent to graduation, i.e. deadlines, forms to complete, etc. Students should bring to the meeting, a final copy of the thesis (on regular printer paper) and a written advisor's communication containing date, time, place, and committee members for the final examination. The thesis shall be returned to the student at the meeting for the next step in the process.

2. Copies of the completed thesis are to be submitted to members of the examining committee at least three weeks prior to the final examination or defense. The Dean of the Graduate School formalizes the appointment of the examining committee and the examination date in a memo to the examining committee members. The announcement instructs the committee chairman to poll the committee members 10 days prior to the final examination to see if the thesis is defensible. Subsequent to an affirmative polling, Ph.D. candidates shall send out the programs (See V. INSTRUCTIONS FOR DOCUMENT PREPARATION, Doctoral Programs). If the polling is negative, further instructions shall be given to the student.

1. Following the examination and approval by the examining committee, the student is given a two-week period in which to make any corrections, print, and turn in the final copies. The time-period may be negotiated in the respective Graduate School Office if there is a problem. In any case, all copies must be turned in by the deadline established for each graduation date.

2. Five printed copies of the thesis are required (See VI. Printing and Submitting Final Theses). All copies (each of the title pages) must contain original signatures of all committee members. The signing often takes place at the end of the examination period, or it may occur later at the discretion of the committee.

A traditional Thesis or Dissertation is a formal paper with a prescribed format. It is organized into two major parts, Prefatory Pages and Text, as described below.

Title Page
Contains four areas of identification (see Appendixes A and B):

1. Thesis Title
2. Author's Name
3. Submitted To Statement, which includes:
   1. Thesis or Dissertation
   2. Program
   3. Degree
   4. Official Degree Award Date
4. Signatures of Examining Committee

Acknowledgments
Recognize and express appreciation to those the student wishes to acknowledge for encouragement, contributions, and assistance in his or her graduate education and research.

Table of Contents
Outlines the major section or chapter headings with their page numbers. Headings should be worded identically to those used in the text. (See Appendixes C, D, and E.)

Illustrations
List any charts, tables, diagrams, figures which will be used; items should be listed in the same order in which they appear in the text. (See Appendix F.)

Abbreviations
Group as a list if a large number are used in the text.

Abstract
Summarizes the thesis, presenting, if appropriate, the research problem, methods, results, and conclusions. Limited to 200 words for the Master's Thesis and 350 words for the Doctoral Dissertation. (See Appendixes G and H.)

Introduction
This section prepares the reader for what follows by stating the specific problem or question to be studied and the critical or research strategy and approach used. It may delineate the boundaries of the problem or question and the limitations of the topic, and it may review studies pertinent to the thesis.

Main Body
Depending on the field of study, the main body may be organized into sections on Methods, Results, and Conclusion or Discussion, or into chapters appropriate to the study with, for example, each chapter covering a specific aspect or major component of the topic. The important thing is to have an overall organization which suits the work. (See Appendixes C and D.) Each section or chapter should begin on a new page, and should reproduce exactly the title of the section or chapter as given in the Table of Contents. (See Appendixes I and J.)

Bibliography or References
Lists every book, article, thesis or dissertation, abstract, video tapes, etc. mentioned in the thesis with complete publishing information. Other sources, such as interviews, are also listed, with appropriate information about when and where they took place. The library has guidelines for citing on-line material. (See page 11, Appendixes K and L.)

Some Bibliographies are divided into two sections: Works Cited, including everything mentioned in the thesis, and Works Consulted, including everything looked at but not mentioned in the thesis.

Appendix
Includes any supplementary materials that support or are relevant to the thesis but which have no logical or appropriate place within the body of the text.

Biographical Statement
Also called Scholastic Vita, or simply Vita. Summarizes the student's educational background, academic and scholarly awards, honors conferred, memberships in professional organizations, publications, and any other information the student considers pertinent. This statement may be presented in an outline or a narrative form. (See Appendixes M and N.)

If the student has submitted, had accepted, or published one or more papers pertinent to the subject of the thesis, the paper(s) may be incorporated into the thesis. Whether as a senior author or co-author of at least one paper, the student must have had the major role in the preparation of the manuscript. Portions of papers representing work either not done by the student or used as part of another thesis should be identified clearly and perhaps placed in an appendix.

Theses including papers already published, accepted, or submitted are subject to the same principles of consistency and coherency that apply to all thesis. However, the form for literature citations, table presentations, references, etc. in the papers may conform to the style required by the publishing journal. Any papers incorporated in the thesis must meet the demands of stylistic clarity, validity, and significance expected of all parts of the thesis.

Generally, each paper constitutes a chapter of the thesis, and the student should indicate in a prefatory or introductory statement for the chapter that stylistic variations result from the demands of the journal to which the paper has been submitted. In addition, the student should also indicate in the case of multiple authorship that portion of work for which he or she is responsible. (See Appendix I.)

It is important to state clearly the status of publications of each manuscript or paper included in the thesis. This is done most easily by including a statement in the Table of Contents (See Appendix D) that the manuscript has been submitted, accepted, or published. The date of this action and the journal citation are printed following the title of each chapter or manuscript.

Theses containing papers already published or accepted for publication must be accompanied by letters of permission or denial of permission concerning copyright. Such letters are forwarded with the theses (Ph.D.) to University Microfilms. Exception: Academic Press no longer requires authors to obtain permission in the following cases: 1) to use original figures or tables in future works; 2) to make copies of papers for classroom teaching; and 3) to include papers as part of the thesis.

The student should consult the department or program for particulars concerning the format for including papers in a thesis or dissertation. The guidelines provided in the "Thesis Prefatory Pages" section should be followed as well as one of the two general formats discussed below.

Papers as Chapters
Each paper might reasonably constitute a chapter of the thesis, in which case a prefatory page to the chapter would explain stylistic variations from the rest of the thesis and denote the work for which the student is responsible. (See Appendix I.) There should also be an introductory chapter, conclusion or a brief final chapter, and a supplementary chapter or appendix of any unpublished work pertinent to the thesis project.

The introductory chapter will provide the usual background and historical material and an overall statement of the thesis project. The conclusion, discussion, or final chapter will summarize the various aspects of the thesis work; this is particularly important when more than one publication is included. The supplementary chapter or appendix includes unpublished material pertinent to the thesis and normally will be used for occasions where the student's research is only a minor part of a published paper.

Papers Appended
When several papers are incorporated into the thesis, it may be more appropriate to place them in an appendix. If so, the thesis would constitute a brief introduction, an abbreviated methods section with references to the appendix, an abbreviated results section with references to the appendix, and a discussion or conclusion section wherein the results are drawn together.

In the interest of appearance, the papers should be merged files into the thesis document, rather than as reprints of the published articles. Pages should be numbered consecutively throughout the thesis; the page numbers of the original manuscripts are changed accordingly.

Information regarding copyright for the Ph.D. dissertation is contained in the University Microfilms International agreement form. The majority of theses and dissertations written probably do not need to be copyrighted. A student may wish to consult with the advisor on this matter. The following three steps must be taken to comply with the law concerning copyright for books: (a) produce copies containing the copyright notice; (b) publish the book; (c) register the copyright claim. The copyright notice, step (a), must contain these elements: Copyright Jon Doe 1998. It must appear on the title page or the page immediately following. Steps (b) and (c) come later.

Illustrations/graphics should be planned from the beginning as you determine and organize your findings. Although the primary purpose of illustrations/graphics is to communicate, they also add to the appearance of the thesis. The writer should tell the reader when to look at the aid, e.g., as shown in Figure 4. The size of the illustration determines where it is placed. If it is small, it can be included on the page, with text above or below as appropriate. If it is full page, it should be placed on the page following the first point of reference. Illustrations larger than 8 1/2" by 11" should be reduced to fit the page size. The quality should be comparable to diagrams in professional publications and within the prescribed margins as outlined for the text.

Illustrations may be mounted with wax or 3-M Photo Mount Spray on regulation thesis paper or paper of ledger weight. The Department of Biomedical Communications on the Bowman Gray Campus will prepare thesis quality photographs (PMTs), graphs, etc. for a fee.

Illustrations should be numbered in the following manner: capital Romans for tables (Table I, Table II, etc.) and Arabic numerals for others (Chart 1, Chart 2; Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.). You may prefer to group all illustrations, other than tables, as Figure 1, 2, 3, etc. instead of using subgroups. It is important to be consistent. All copyright laws must be observed for illustrations as well as text. The illustration pages need to be paginated according to the format used in the text and numbered in the upper right-hand corner (to clarify the order of placement). If the figure legend is typed on a separate sheet, it is placed opposite (facing) the corresponding figure, and is numbered in the upper left-hand corner. (See V. Instructions for Document Preparation.)

Physical Presentation of Thesis
The thesis should be well arranged, neatly printed, and error free. After all, it is a culmination of many years of work and it should demonstrate competency and work professionally done. The use of a good word processing software expedites this task. A letter quality printer is a must. Most students own or have access to a computer. In addition, the libraries on both campuses have computers available; users must provide diskettes and have access to a letter-quality printer. The Department of Biomedical Communications on the Bowman Gray Campus has a document preparation service that will prepare and print the thesis for a fee. The Graduate School or departmental offices can suggest someone who provides word processing services. Whether the student prepares the thesis or contracts someone else do it, he or she should become familiar with the mechanics of manuscript writing to ensure that the proper format is used. The information below is for the attention of the typist.

Page Layout

1. Margins:
   1.0" at the top
   1.0" at the bottom
   1.5" left margin
   1.0" right margin
   

   This leaves six inches (15 cm) for each text line. Normally a font using 12 characters per inch is used. A size 10 font is 10 characters per inch and proportional characters are usually 13.3 per inch. Vertically, there are 51 lines available (6 vertical lines to an inch, 66 vertical lines to a page). The required double-spacing throughout the text allows 25 text lines per page. Use 8 1/2" by 11" printer paper. (See VI. Printing and Submitting Final Theses).

2. Spacing: Triple space after main headings (centered) only. Double-space between all lines of the thesis (note exception for Bibliography). Indent the first line of each paragraph. The remaining lines are justified at the left margin. Also, the manuscript will look more professional if the right margin is justified. Refer to the samples in the appendix for spacing of title page, table of contents, etc.

3. Pagination: All pages of the thesis, except the title page, are numbered. Page numbers are placed consistently, either center bottom or top right corner. If all pages are numbered in the upper right, the page number (header) is placed on .5" and the text begins at 1". If all pages are numbered center bottom, the page number (footer) is placed on .5". Two systems of numbers are used. Small Roman numerals are used for the prefatory pages (pages preceding the introduction). The title page, though not numbered, is considered the first page of the thesis (i). Subsequent pages through the abstract, are ii, iii, etc. Arabic numbers are used beginning with the introduction (Page 1) and continuing through the scholastic vita.

4. Captions: The headings or titles outline the parts of the thesis and their placement indicates the importance of the material that follows. Position and type are the two mechanics used to denote the significance of captions. Any combination of the two may be used as long as the ranking is observed. The three most commonly used positions in order of importance are: centered, marginal, and run-in (paragraph). The levels of type are: SOLID CAPITALS, Capitals and Lower Case Underscored, and Capitals and Lower Case.
   THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF A MAIN HEADING

   This is an Example of a Marginal Heading

   This is an Example of a Run-in (Paragraph) Heading. Note that it is followed by a period and the text is begun on the same line.

   Choose any scheme as long as it is consistent throughout the thesis.

   In addition to the one shown above, another scheme might be:

   Centered, solid capitals
   Centered, capitals and lower case underscored
   Marginal, capitals and lower case underscored
   Run-in, capitals and lower case underscored

5. Tables: Place each table on a separate sheet, double spaced. If the table is placed horizontally (lengthwise), the top must be at the binding side. At the top of the page center the word "Table" and number. Double space and center the title line; capitalize the first letter of principal words, i.e.
   Table I

   Graduate Student Profile Scores for Responsibility

Bibliography or References
Methods of documentation vary greatly in the different disciplines and in different journals. Check with the department or program to see if there is a particular style preferred. The word "Bibliography" or "References" is centered and typed in all caps on the first page. Entries are alphabetized by the first author's last name which is typed in reverse order (surname first). If co-authors are involved, only the last name of the first author is reversed. Bibliographical entries are not numbered. They are single spaced, with a double space between each one. The first line of each entry is blocked against the left margin; succeeding lines are indented by five spaces. Refer to the examples that follow.

Patent:

Vining DJ, Hunt GW, Ahn DK, Stelts DR, Ge Y, Hemler PF, Salido TW. Automated Analysis in Virtual Endoscopy. United States Paten Number 5,920,319. July 6, 1999.

Book Chapters:

Allen JW, Mutkus LA, Aschner M. Isolation of Neonatal Rat Cortical Astrocytes for Primary Cultures. In Current Protocols in Toxicology, (Maines MD, Costa LG, Reed DJ, Sassa S, Sipes IG, eds), John Wiley & Sons, 12.4.1.-12.4.15, 2000

Journal Articles:

Gabriele ML, Brunso-Bechtold JK, Henkel CK. 2000. Development of afferent patterns in the inferior colliculus of the rat: Projection from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 416:368-382.

Doctoral Programs
Programs are required for Ph.D. candidates only. Information on the front page should be centered within the margins (set left margin at 1.5" and right margin at 1"); see Appendix H for an example of the front page. The inside left page shows the field(s) of study; other pages contain a biographical sketch, publications, and abstract (titled the same as the thesis). The graduate offices or departments have samples of the programs.

The printshop on either campus will copy the programs for a fee. The number of copies needed will vary according to the distribution list available in the Graduate Offices. On the Reynolda Campus, the printshop uses legal size white or gray paper for the programs. On the Bowman Gray Campus, the printshop copies the program on 9" by 12" gray paper. The student must provide a copy-ready layout. The original may be on 8 1/2" by 11" paper that is cut and pasted on legal or 9" by 12" paper (Reynolda Campus students). Also, legal size (8 1/2" by 14") white paper may be used for preparation of the original copy. Fold the sheet in half (7" by 8 1/2") and print front and back. An insert may be used if required. Allow a one and one-half inch margin for the binding side (the folded side) and a one inch margin for the top, bottom, and open side. It is the student's responsibility to distribute the programs (See I. INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION, Pre-Examination Procedures.)

Theses that go to the respective Graduate School Office and committee before the final examination may be on printer or photocopy paper. Most often minor corrections have to be done after the examination. Five copies (plus any additional copies the student may want) of the final thesis are required. For the Bowman Gray Campus final copies must be printed on 100% rag bond paper. Reynolda students must have one copy of the thesis on 100% rag bond and four copies on 25% rag bond. The printshop on either campus will print the copies for a fee or the student may print his or her own copies. The paper may be purchased from campus bookstores or office supply vendors.

Reynolda Campus students submit all copies to the Graduate School to be bound. Bowman Gray Campus students submit three copies to the Graduate School to be bound; two copies (one each for the student and advisor) are to be bound by the department or program. (Remember each title page should contain original signatures of the examining committee members.) Each copy should be placed unbound in a separate manila envelope that contains an additional title page affixed to the outside of each envelope. Additionally, Ph.D. students need to submit an extra copy of the title page and abstract to be forwarded to University Microfilms.

Dodd, Janet S. The ACS Style Guide. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986.

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.* New York: Modern Language Association, 1995.

Miller, Joan L; and Taylor, Bruce. The Thesis Writer's Handbook. West Linn, Oregon: Alcove Publishing Co., 1987.

Sternberg, David. How to Complete and Survive a Doctoral Dissertation. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.

Style Manual Committee, Council of Biology Editors. Scientific Style and Format. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

* This is a good source that provides examples of proper citation for electronic databases, CD-Roms, E-Mail, video recordings, etc. Copies of the handbook are available in the WFU library and the Graduate Office, Bowman Gray Campus.)

 

VIII. APPENDIX
A.   Sample Title Page for Master's Thesis              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"
A LOOK AT MEDIEVAL POETRY IN THE NINETIES
(Triple Space) By
(Triple Space) DEBBIE DENNIS
(Double Space) A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of
WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
MASTER OF ARTS
in the Department of English
May 2000
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Copyright by Debbie Dennis (If Applicable)
(Triple Space)
Approved By: (Double Space from here to end)
Barry G. Maine, Ph.D., Advisor
Examining Committee:
Nancy J. Cotton, Ph.D., Chairwoman
Linda N. Nielsen, Ed.D.

(Note: Insert the appropriate degree, department, and award date, i.e. May, August, or December)

B.    Sample Title Page for Doctoral Dissertation              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5" / Right Margin = 1.0"
STUDIES OF VIBRIO VULNIFICUS INFECTION
(Triple Space) BY
(Triple Space) TIMOTHY M. JOHNSON
(Double Space) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Microbiology and Immunology May 2000 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Copyright Timothy M. Johnson 2000 (If Applicable)
(Triple Space)
Approved By: (Double space from here to end)
Douglas S. Lyles, Ph.D., Advisor
Examining Committee:
Mark O. Lively, Ph.D., Chairman
Eugene R. Heise, Ph.D.
Linda C. McPhail, Ph.D.
Daniel J. Wozniak, Ph.D.

(Note: Insert the appropriate department and degree date, i.e., May, August, or December.)

C.   Sample Table of Contents for Traditional Format: Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion              Top/BottomMargin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Page iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	v
ABSTRACT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	vi
INTRODUCTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1
MATERIALS AND METHODS.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	15
Collection of Specimens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	15
External Measurements.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	27
Molt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	30
Sex and Age Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	34
Stomach Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	38
Lipid Extractions and Fractionation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	40
RESULTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	49
Stomach Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	50
Molt and Gonads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	56
Lipids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	57
Qualitative Aspects of Lipid Deposits.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	59
DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	62
BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	69
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	73
SCHOLASTIC VITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	78
(Note: Triple space after page title and double space between entries)

D.   Sample Table of Contents for Traditional Format: Chapter Titles              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		1
Chapter
	1. THE ART OF FENG SHUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5
	Explanation and Uses       Schools of Thought
	2. PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	17
	Taoism       Concept of Yin and Yang       The Five Element Theory       The I-Ching
	3. CH'I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	32
	How it Relates to Feng Shui       Cures to Moderate Ch'I
	4. INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO INTERIOR FENG SHUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	42
	Placement of Rooms and Furniture in the Home and Office
	5. CONTEMPORAY DATA ON THE USE OF FENG SHUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	62
	6. CONCLUSION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	71
Appendix
	A. RIVER LO MAP AND THE EIGHT DIRECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	74
	B. FIVE ELEMENT BA-GUA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	75
REFERENCE LIST.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		76

E.   Sample Table of Contents for Published Paper Format              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Triple Space)
Page
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		iv
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		v
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		vi
Chapter
I.	INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1
II.	INTERACTION OF SENDAI VIRUS PROTEINS WITH THE CYTOPLASMIC SURFACE OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES FOLLOWING VIRAL ENVELOPE FUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	17
	Published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, May 1997
III.	DISSOCIATION OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED SENDAI VIRAL PROTEINS FROM THE CYTOPLASMIC SURFACE OF ISOLATED PLASMA MEMBRANES OF INFECTED CELLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	38
	Submitted to the Journal of Virology, March 1998
IV.	HEMOLYSIS AND FUSION OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS WITH HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	69
	Submitted to the Journal of Virology, July 1998
V.	DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	97
SCHOLASTIC VITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		107
(Note: Triple Space after page title and then double space after each entry.)

F.   Sample Lists of Illustrations              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
TABLES		Page
I	Secretory Products of Macrophages	18
II	Chemotactic Factors	56
III	Comparison of the Plasma Lipid Profiles of Pigeons Fed a Normal or Cholesterol Diet	100

(It is permissible to use Arabic numbers if you have more than six tables.)

 

FIGURES
1	Assembly of Chemotaxis Chamber	35
2	Light Micrograph Nonpolarized Leukocytes	43
3	Light Micrograph of Polarized Leukocytes	48

If you have just one or the other, i.e.

G.   Sample Abstract for Master's Thesis              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"

Joanne B. Doeman

AGING IN FACT AND FICTION:

BECKETT'S PLAYS AND THE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

Thesis under the direction of Nancy Cotton, Ph.D., Professor of English.

Samuel Beckett's major plays - Waiting for Godot, Endgame, Krapp's Last Tape, Happy Days - use aged protagonists who suffer from conspicuous physical and mental disabilities. This study compares Beckett's representation of old age with recent research data produced by gerontologists in studies of actual aging. The comparison shows that the disabilities portrayed reflect actual experience to some extent, but more often they function as metaphors for human limitations. The characters are paradigmatic human beings representing the plight of mankind in an absurdist universe; their blindness and lameness represent our inability to understand and act.

H.   Sample Abstract for Doctoral Dissertation (350 words or less)              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5" / Right Margin = 1.0"              Line Spacing = double space body of abstract

ABSTRACT

Rhoades, Charles B., Jr.

CLEAN LABORATORY TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE METALS

Dissertation under the direction of Bradley T. Jones, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Chemistry

The instrumentation available for elemental analysis continues to improve at a rapid pace. Realistic detection limits have evolved from ppm levels to ppb, ppt and sub ppt levels with improvements to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry instruments, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and even more recently, axial viewed inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry instruments.

As this instrument evolution occurred, the equipment used to prepare samples for analysis grew in sophistication as well. Methods used for sample preparation include high pressure ashing, plasma oxidation, and microwave digestion technology. These advances resulted in the ability to more completely digest the sample matrix and allowed the preparation of larger samples.

With the sophistication of analytical instrumentation and sample preparation equipment, the need to incorporate clean chemistry techniques is essential. The expected detection limits may never be achieved due to contamination encountered in the laboratory. Accurate determination of trace level elements is often limited by contamination encountered in sample preparation rather than sensitivity of the technique used for analysis. Particular sources of contamination include reagents, the analyst, labware and the laboratory environment. Each of these sources of contamination must be addressed concurrently to effectively limit sample contamination. By incorporating sophisticated sample preparation methods with clean chemistry techniques, the risk of contamination from the environment is greatly reduced.

This research focuses on the development of clean chemistry techniques for elemental analysis. Also, an Environmental Evaporation Chamber (EEC) has been designed for use in sample pretreatment and evaporation procedures. The intent of this research is to demonstrate the need to address each potential source of contamination in order to maximize the laboratory's capabilities. The procedures used for sample preparation and analysis are described in detail. The results of this research are demonstrated through the analysis of real samples as well as NIST standard reference materials for validation. A detailed evaluation of sample blanks was conducted to determine method detection limits for the described procedures. The EEC was also evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing contamination and its limits or restrictions.

I.   Sample Preforatory Chapter Page for Thesis Using Papers              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"

CHAPTER II

(Triple Space)

EVALUATION OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH DURING INITIAL

(Double Sp.) SPINAL CORD DEVELOPMENT IN CHICK EMBRYOS

(Triple Space)

V. Price, C. Smith, R. W. Oppenheim

(Line 30 start double-space)

The following manuscript was published in the Journal of Comparative Neurology, volume 30, pages 330-335, 1998, and is reprinted with permission. Stylistic variations are due to the requirements of the journal. V. Price performed the experiments and prepared the manuscript. Dr. Ronald Oppenheim acted in an advisory and editorial capacity.

J.   Sample Chapter Title Page              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"

CHAPTER TWO (Triple Space) FICTIVE MUSIC: (Double Space) BIRDS, BEASTS AND CRITICS (Triple Space)

K.   Sample Bibliography: English              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"

Bogan, Louise. The Blue Estuaries. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1968.      Campbell, Joseph. Reflections on the Art of Living: A Joseph Campbell Comparion. Ed. Diane K. Osborn. New York: Harper                     Collins, 1991.      DeShazer, Mary K.'"A Primary Intensity Between Women': H. D. and the Female Muse." H. D., Woman and Poet. Ed.                     Michael King. Orono: National Poetry Foundation, 1986. 157-71.      DiPace Fritz, Angela. Thought and Vision: A Critical Reading of H.D.'s Poetry. Washington, DC: Catholic U of America,                    1988.      DuPlessis, Rachel Blau. H. D., The Career Of That Struggle. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1986.      ___________________ "Romatic Thralldon in H. D." Signets: Reading H. D. Ed. DuPleassis and Susan Stanford Friedman.                     Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1990. 406-29.      H.D. [Hilda Doolittle]. Hermetic Definition. New York: New Directions, 1972.      ___________________ Notes on Thought and Vision and The Wise Sappho. San Francisco: City Lights, 1982.

L.   Sample Bibliography: Biology              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"

REFERENCES

Ausubel, R., R. Brent, R. Kingston, D. Moore, J.G. Seidman, J. Smith, and K. Struhl, eds. 1995. Short Protocols in Molecular            Biology, 3rd ed. U.S.A. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Bohm, S., D. Frishman, and H. W. Mewes. 1997. Variations of the C2H2 zinc finger motif in the yeast genome and            classification of yeast zinc finger proteins. Nucleic Acids Research, 25, 2464-2469. Chory, J. and R. Susek. Light signal Transduction and the Control of Seedling Development In Arabidopsis. Elliot Meyerowitz            and Chris R. Somerville, eds. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 1994. Gilbert, S. Developmental biology, 3rd ed. Sunderland, Massachusetts. Sinauer Associates, Inc., 1994. Kobayashi, A., A. Sakamoto, K. Kubo, Z. Rybka, T. Kanno and H. Takatsuji. 1998. Seven zinc-finger transcription factors are            expressed sequentially during the development of anthers in petunia. Plant Journal, 13, 571-576.

M.   Sample Outline Biographical Statement              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5" / Right Margin = 1.0"
SCHOLASTIC VITA
ANN LEE JENKINS
BORN:	December 1, 1972, Cleveland, Ohio
UNDERGRADUATE      STUDY:	University of Akron Akron, Ohio B.S., Biology, with Honors, 1991
GRADUATE STUDY:	University of Pennsylvania M.S., Biology, 1993 Thesis Title: Inhibition of Atherosclerosis in Differentiation of Blood Viscoelasticity Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, North Carolina Ph.D., 1998
SCHOLASTIC AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:           Summer research programs, University Pittsburgh, summers 1989 and 1990.           Graduate Teaching Assistant, University of Pennsylvania, 1992-1993.           Graduate Fellowship, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 1994-1995.           National Research Service Award 1995-1998.
HONORS AND AWARDS:           Dean's Fellowship, 1993-94           Sigmi XI Research Award, 1995
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:           Beta Beta Beta Biological Honor Society, 1990           Sigma XI, 1994-Present           North Carolina Academy of Science, 1994-Present
PUBLICATIONS:    (Chapters, Journal Articles, followed by Abstracts)

N.   Sample Narrative Biographical Statement              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"

VITA

Joanne Bennett Doeman was born October 25, 1952 in Salisbury, North Carolina. She did her undergraduate work at Hollins College in Hollins, Virginia, and received a Bachelor of Arts with Honors in English in 1974. After college she moved to Winston-Salem and began working for the Social Security Administration, where she worked until the birth of her first child in 1980. She has been a volunteer at the Methodist Home and a member of the North Carolina Council on Aging. She began work on her Master of Arts on Liberal Studies in 1990 with the purpose of combining her interests in English Literature and the problems of the aging.

O.   Sample Format of Doctoral Program and Dissertation Defense Announcement              Top/Bottom Margin = 1.0"              Left Margin = 1.5"              Right Margin = 1.0"
WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES *BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, BOWMAN GRAY CAMPUS   Final Examination of   ANN LEE JENKINS   B.S., University of Akron Akron, Ohio 1994 M.S., University of Akron Akron, Ohio 1996   for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY COMMITTEE IN CHARGE
Mary Sorci-Thomas, Ph.D., Chairwoman                                                                                           Department of Pathology                                                                         Larry W. Daniel, Ph.D., Advisor                                                                                           Department of Biochemistry                                                                         Leslie B. Poole, Ph.D.                                                                                           Department of Biochemistry                                                                         Charles S. Morrow, Ph.D.                                                                                           Department of Biochemistry                                                                         Griffith D. Parks, Ph.D.                                                                                          Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Room 3042, Hanes	April 10,2000	9:00 AM
*Bowman Gray Campus add this line